research paper:
Great Barrier Reef pollutions and solution
EAP2 writer’s workshop, Heidi Wright
Khalid Doubi
November 30, 2006
Abstract
The topic of this paper is Great Barrier Reef pollution and solution. It argues about the solution for all the Great Barrier Reef effects, Great Barrier Reef is not Australians problem, it’s a nation problem, and Great Barrier Reef must be protected and supported. There are four pollution and for each pollution there is a solution. The first is the tourist effect on Great Barrier Reef from such as urinating in the sea, but by putting strict roles from government might help to control the problem. The second is oil pollutes Great Barrier Reef such as shipping oil by the sea, but using a high quality ships or stop shipping oil could help to control the situation. The third is Climate change effect great barrier reef, but by warm water from nuclear plants should not be returned to the ocean might help. The fourth is industries effects, by decrease the burn from sugar factories might help Great Barrier Reef to grow.
Outline
Great Barrier Reef pollutions and solutions
I. Introduction:
A - A family went Queensland in Australia to see the Great Barrier Reef. They urinate into the sea. Used ships. Walked on Great Barrier Reef.
1-the Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world.
2- Tourist comes to see Great Barrier Reef from all over the world
c- Statement of the problem:
1- Four things affect Great Barrier Reef tourist, oil, climate change and industries.
2- Four solution might help to control the problem, put strict roles for tourist, stop shipping oil, warm water from nuclear plants should not be returned to the ocean and decrease the burn of sugar factories.
d- Thesis.
The tourist, oil, climate change and industries pollution harm great barrier reef. This solution could help, in order to protect Great Barrier Reef. Put strict roles for tourist, stop shipping oil, could help if warm water from nuclear plants should not be returned to the ocean and decrease the burn of sugar factories.
ll- main argument:
1- tourist cause pollution to great barrier reef
2- Oil cause poison to the Great Barrier Reef.
3- Climate change threat Great Barrier Reef and put it under danger.
4- Industries might change the Great Barrier Reef genetics.
lll- conclusion:
1- Tourist problem, could finish if government put a strict roles.
2- Oil problem, by stop shipping oil might stop the problem.
3- Climate change, by warm water from nuclear plants should not be returned to the ocean
4- Industries problem decrease by decreasing the burn for sugar in sugar factories.
Great Barrier Reef pollutions and solutions
A family went Queensland in Australia to see the Great Barrier Reef. They had fun but at the same time they harmed the Great Barrier Reef and polluted it. This family resided in a hotel which amongst other hotels had a sewer system that leads to the sea. This family spent good times on the beach, swimming, surfing, and scuba diving, but on the other hand they also littered. Some even urinated in the sea water and others walked on the Great Barrier Reef killing the beauty found in it. Furthermore, ships were used for transportation. Some of those leaked gasoline into the sea water polluting the reef. In the end of the day, the father took a sample from the Great Barrier Reef as a souvenir. If every family did what this family had done, the Great Barrier Reef will be in a serious danger. In addition, visiting The Great Barrier Reef without guidance might harm it. Therefore, guidelines should be set in order to protect this magnificent wonder. The people need to be more careful with The Great Barrier Reef in order to save it and keep it alive for the next generation to see it. There are many effects which harm and pollute the Great Barrier Reef, in the same time for every pollution there are solutions.
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world. According to Haigh (1997), “Great Barrier Reef is also the World Heritage listed site”. Great Barrier Reef considered one of the world's greatest natural wonder, that’s why tourist comes to see it from all over the world. According to wikipedia. “The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is sometimes referred to as the single largest organism in the world”. Great Barrier Reef is clearly seen, it’s wonder and greater can be seen from space. According to wikipedia, “Composed of roughly 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands that stretch for 2,600 kilometers covering an area of 344,400 km2”. The reef is located in the Coral Sea, in northeast Australia. A large part of the reef is protected by governments and some responsible parks. It is made of many thousand of small organisms, known as coral polyps. The Great Barrier Reef was also select as the World Heritage Site in 1981. CNN has labeled it one of the seven natural beauties of the world. But tourist, oil, climate change and industries affect the Great Barrier Reef.
However, tourists are endangering the Great Barrier Reef. Their affect on the great barrier reef include their water sports, their tour travels using ships, and their curiosity to bring back home a piece of this treasure. It is known that the barrier reef is very sensitive. It can easily be hurt or poisoned. Divers and swimmers who urinate in the sea pollute and kill the Great Barrier Reef because it needs healthy clean water in order to stay alive. According to Australia barrier reef and tourism, “In 1990, swimmers had to be told to stop urinating in the water because it was killing the coral”. Also tourists cannot stop themselves from seeing the Great Barrier Reef and not taking a part of it out of the sea. Therefore, if every tourist did that there might be no barrier reef anymore. Tourists who rent ships to enjoy the ocean do not know how to deal with the anchors, so they throw it away and it kills the barrier reef. Hotels are also affecting the reef because they send their dirty water down to the sea and the barrier reef feeds on that polluted water. Also developing tourist programs such as opining new hotels harm the reef for several reasons including the building materials that are thrown into the sea. Finally, stepping on the barrier reef means killing it and maybe the seeds within it.
Nevertheless, The Great Barrier Reef problem is not just an Australians problem it’s a world wide problem. However, the government should put strict rules such as charging the people who take out pieces from this reef and also the ones who walk on the reef destroying it and killing it. Also people who throw trash into the sea should be stopped. Organizing a special department to watch over the hotels is another step that should be taken. Putting such strict rules by the government can help to save The Great Barrier reef. If people knew that this reef is endangered by their behavior they would stop littering and if guided they would also stop urinating in the sea. If people are to stop visiting the reef for a year maybe it will grow and be healthy. Therefore, tourists would stop thinking that they are no harm to the nature and parents would start guiding their kids telling them not to litter and not to urinate in the ocean. Also keeping an eye on the sewer system and making sure it doesn’t lead to the sea could make a big difference. Actually governments should build an international awareness so that people would be convinced that this is a problem affecting the whole world.
The second effect is oil, oil is one of the biggest threats to the reef. It is definite that the oil will leak from the digging machines in the ocean. As we should also suspect that there will be leaks from ships. Oil is the first thing that pollutes the Great Barrier Reef, because oil has more than 50 materials in it and each of these materials has an effect on the water. The strongest material which pollutes the reef is the Hydrogen because it’s poisonous. Furthermore, the oil factories that we can see next to the ocean are the most harmful to the reef, because there is no watch over these factories we can see that they pollute the ocean by spilling oils in it and killing its creatures. However, digging in order to find oil in the sea might affect the reef. It is known by many scientists that digging for oil in the sea require lots of work because the oil could easily leak and destroy the marine life including the reefs. It is also not an accurate work, there are lots of mistakes committed by employees. Oil shipping and digging can pollute and harm the reef. According to Wikipedia, “The worst pollution disaster in Europe to date was the 1991 sinking of 'The Haven', an oil tanker loaded with 144,000 tones of Cock oil”. That means that the oil ships are threatening all ocean life and not just the reefs. When the oil ships sink the oil within them pollute the sea killing a high percentage of fish, this fish is part of the food cycle in the ocean. When accidents like this happen, extracting the oil is a good idea to prevent further pollution. The barrier reef might take 30 years to grow up after such pollution.
Therefore, solution could help Great Barrier Reef is from government, to stop oil explorations in the sea. Stop the close oil industries to the sea. Stop extraction the oil from the sea rocks. Stop shipping oil by the sea. However, oil exportation harm the Great Barrier Reef, because while extraction the oil, their might be Leaking from the oils machine which could play a big role of killing a lot of Great Barrier Reef areas. Changing the place for the industries, which is close to the sea could help the Great Barrier Reef to grow up, and stay in a good health. Furthermore, these industries trashes might be thrown in the sea, which might cause poisons to the Great Barrier Reef. There are a lot of oil stocks on the rocks, which is close to the Great Barrier Reef. By extract the oil from it could harm Great Barrier Reef, actually, the oil machines which might kill a lot of Great Barrier Reef, and could also poison it by oil leaking. Stop deliberating the oil by the sea. Furthermore, sank one ship in the sea could poise a big space of water sea including the Great Barrier Reef.
The barrier reefs are reefs that are separated from land and grow along the cost continuously. Two other major changes that affect those reefs are: natural disturbances and anthropogenic disturbances. The natural disturbances include the change in climate. The changes in climate such as the increase in the oceans temperatures and the increase in average sea level are highly affecting the ocean life and especially the barrier reefs. Because those reefs live in an exact temperature, the raise in the water temperature around them means having to adjust in a climate different from their original. This raise of temperature kills the reef. And this is what caused the death of 60% of the Australian reef in the past 30 years. There are also other changes in climate such as the changes to rainfall patterns, the changes to ocean circulation, and the increased concentrations of CO2 in the ocean. However, those changes in climate are mainly caused by humans. According to the Australian government “Climate change is occurring as a result of human activity and that it is one of the biggest threats to reefs”. The global warming for example is affecting many animals and is caused by greenhouse gases that prevent the infrared radiation from leaving the earth’s atmosphere which causes a global warming. There is also the increase of the amount of CO2 which causes a disturbance in the oceans chemistry and therefore a change in ocean animal’s organisms. These examples of climate changes are only a few but cause immense problems to the ocean life. As a result the Australian greenhouse office is helping in a program to save the Great Barrier Reef.
However scientists nowadays are looking for solutions for the climate changes. An exact method has not been reached yet. But there are ways to protect our atmosphere from further changes by warm water from nuclear plants should not be returned to the ocean, reduce gases, control the smoke factories. First, nuclear plants should not use the sea water to cool down the engines then return this warm water back into the sea. This causes the oceans to warm and result in climate changes. Second, gases that affect the ozone layer should be reduced or maybe changed to the solid form so that they can’t evaporate and harm the ozone shield. These gases harm the ozone layer resulting in a global warming and a huge change in the earth’s weather. When the temperature raises the ice in the North and South Poles melts. This results in a raise in the sea level which is not suitable for the barrier reef. Third, smoke from factories should be controlled. Because factories produce huge amounts of pollutants everyday they chemically pollute the air. If the air is polluted the oceans are also polluted. To avoid that, factories should either find a way to use the evaporating materials such as CO2 or should stop their engines from working at least twice a week. If they reduce the days of work every week then the amount of pollutants would be less. This idea may not work for business men because reducing working days means reducing the amount of products too. However, there is another way to clean the air around those factories and that is by planting lots of trees around them. Fourth, the burning of garbage should be stopped and recycling methods should be put into use. At last, people should be aware of pollution consequences. They should know that polluting the air means polluting the ocean and this means that the marine life and the coral reefs will be endangered and so will our lives.
Furthermore, industries effect and harm the Great Barrier Reef. Some examples are the sugar cane industry, pesticide factories and power stations. Sugar cane industry produces a high amount of pollutants. Because it deals with sugar cane and has to burn it to extract the sugar. However, these factories Release a huge amount of harmful gases. The sea water absorbs these gases and the water’s chemistry is changed causing disturbances to the reefs life and bringing diseases to those reefs. On the other hand, the pesticide factories use a lot of poisonous materials. They produce pesticides to sell to farmers. Farmer’s use it and then it evaporates in the air, the sea absorbs these gases from the air. After that these gases are absorbed by the sea weeds and the reefs poisoning them. According to CNN news “Sugar a suspect in Great Barrier Reef decline Fertilizer and pesticide use on sugar plantations, as well as land clearing for cattle grazing, had increased chemical and sediment run-offs”. These poisons might also change the forms of next generations causing an entire problem for the sea life. Therefore, stations of electricity cause a pressure on the sea because of all the radiations they make. These radiations could harm many marine lives the same way they affect us humans.
However for every pollution there is a solution, decreases the burn of sugar from the factories, change the power station area, put special chemical materials on pesticide insect. In fact, a plan from the government to the sugar cane factories, in order to decrease the burn from the sugar. Either by changing the machines that help to burn sugar, or by changing the sugar factories place. Furthermore, changing the power station places could decrease the pressure on the see and help the Great Barrier Reef to grow and live. Therefore, trying hard from the scientist and responsible people, in order to make the chemical materials for the pesticide insect less harmful for the Great Barrier Reef, by making studies for it. Furthermore, If not government should stop these factories from selling it for people in order to make the next generation for barrier reef more beautiful than now.
In conclusion, there are many effects that threats Great Barrier Reef also there are solutions that might work to help Great Barrier Reef. Such as tourists, oil, changing on climate and industries affect Great Barrier Reef. Tourist effect on it by urinates into the sea, but by a strict roles setup from the government this problem could be controlled. Oil effect on Great Barrier Reef by shipping the oil and digging in order to find oil, but if the government stop exaction oil from the sea it would help. Changing in the climate such as increasing in the temperature or the sea level, but it might help if protect our atmosphere from further changes by warm water from nuclear plants should not be returned to the ocean, reduce gases, control the smoke factories. By Industries harm the Great Barrier Reef either by sugar cane factories, pesticide insect factories or station of electricity, but by decrease the sugar burn, stop putting harm materials on pesticide insect, and trying to make the power station far away from the sea. People and government should know that Great Barrier Reef is not Australians problem, it’s a nation problem, and starting to with solution for every effect on the Great Barrier Reef by government will help a lot. Consciousness from the people of how to not pollute Great Barrier Reef.
References
Great Barrier Reef. (2006, December 4). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef
Haigh, D, J (1997,September 22). Kakadu, Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Sites, Australia. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/206
Great Barrier Reef. (2006, December 7). Wikipidia. Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef
Great Barrier Reef and Tourism. Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://www.american.edu/ted/barrier.htm
Oil spill. (2006, November 28). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1999). "Climate Change, coral bleaching and the future of the world’s coral reefs." Marine and Freshwater Research 50: 839-866. Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/science/climate_change
Pollution threatens Great Barrier Reef. (2003, February 26). Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://www.news24.com/News24/Technology/0,6119,2-13_1325320,00.html
Sugar a suspect in Great Barrier Reef decline. (2003, February 26). Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/02/26/australia.reef.reut/